Assisted driving with a Volkswagen on the highway
Electric car technology

The five levels to autonomous driving

Electric car technology

The five levels to autonomous driving

An overview of the five levels shows what the road to the future looks like. Driving assistance systems are key technologies when it comes to autonomous driving. Volkswagen drivers now find corresponding features for more comfort in the vehicle. And, with the SEDRIC, Volkswagen is also providing a glimpse of the last transformative step.

The progressive automation of the vehicle not only means more comfort on the road, but also a revolution in mobility. Five levels describe the development to autonomous vehicles. We can already choose between a variety of intelligent assistants that aid the driver in different situations. Radar and ultrasonic sensors capture traffic situations; a multifunctional front camera monitors the lanes and observes other road users. Previously, driving assistance systems were rather uncommon; today, they are available as standard in most Volkswagens

Level 1: Assisted driving

Anyone driving a Golf or Passat today can now enjoy a glimpse of the possibilities of tomorrow because these vehicles already meet the technical requirements of level-1 driving assistance systems. The ACC automatic distance control not only maintains the previously set speed, but also the selected distance to the vehicle ahead. In some Volkswagen models, the ACC can also react to speed limits in conjunction with traffic sign recognition. A radar and a camera provide the information for the system. The emergency brake assistant (Front Assist) also belongs to this category. The system can warn the driver acoustically and visually about a possible collision and prepares the vehicle for potential emergency braking. If the driver does not react at all in an emergency, automatic partial braking, which is intended to prevent the worst, can be initiated. When using a level-1 assistance system, the driver always has responsibility for their vehicle.

Illustration of the Park Assist Plus app being used on a smartphone to park a Touareg

Level 2: Partially automated driving

Systems within this level perform several tasks at the same time. They can support the driver when accelerating, steering and braking. This facilitates, for example, comfortable following in a traffic jam. And in critical situations, too, the systems support the driver within their limits in order to avoid accidents where possible. Remote parking also belongs to this level: using a smartphone, the vehicle can be manoeuvred even into tight parking spaces. During the trip, the vehicle assumes partial tasks; for level-2 assistance functions, too, the driver remains permanently responsible.

Illustration of partially automated driving with a Volkswagen

Level 3: Highly automated driving

The jump from level 2 to level 3 is the largest technically speaking. For the first time, the driver can deal with other things. The vehicle can automatically initiate overtaking and evasive manoeuvres, accelerate, and brake. The system recognises its limits and the driver must be able to take over control of the vehicle again.

Illustration from the cockpit of highly automated driving with a Volkswagen

Level 4: Fully automated driving

In study status, the ID. family shows what will be possible in future with level 4. Within a closed application area such as motorways, the integrated system permanently takes control.

Level 4 also includes Robo-Taxis such as the SEDRIC, which drive fully automatically in restricted traffic areas – in cities, for example. There is no longer a need for a driver and passengers can pursue other tasks or even sleep.

Illustration of 2 people reading whilst on their morning commute in a fully automated car

Level 5: Autonomous driving

The futuristic I.D. VIZZION is designed without a steering wheel. The interior of the vehicle is completely redefined. It can be used for leisure purposes or, with the appropriate digital features, as a place to work. Level-5 vehicles can move autonomously in all road traffic. Through environmental perception, constant networking and smart car-to-car communication, a driver is no longer required from the individual start to the freely selected destination.

A table showing the five levels for autonomous driving at a glance
The overview is based on the popular classification levels 1 to 5 according to SAE/BASt/VDA. Particular focus is placed on the transition from assistance (levels 1 to 2) to automation (levels 3+) and the associated responsibility for the driving task according to German law.

Subscribe now

Get regular updates on the topics ID.3, ID. Family and electric mobility of the future.

Our electric vision

A yellow VW ID.4 parked in the middle of a road at night

Our electric vision

Volkswagen’s future is electric. We’re committed to developing cars and technologies that open up the possibilities of electric driving to all. Making the switch to electric not only benefits the environment, it could also help you save money and discover a new and exciting way to drive.

Electric pedigree

The development of our revolutionary ID. range didn’t happen overnight. Our electric history first started in 1970. Let us take you back to the start of our journey towards a more sustainable future.

Leading the way

Our goal isn’t just to sell electric cars. We are designing a range of vehicles with high performance, that go further and put efficiency at the heart of their design.

Next steps

Should you go electric?

Technology

Glossary of electric car terms

Next steps

Important information :

^If you are selecting a Volkswagen ID.3, ID.4, ID.5 or ID.7 then prices shown are the MDP (Manufacturer's Direct Price).  This is the price set by Volkswagen which you pay for the vehicle.  Volkswagen ID vehicles are sold by Volkswagen UK, a trading division of Volkswagen Group United Kingdom Limited (please note that you will need to visit an authorised Volkswagen Retailer (acting as agent for Volkswagen UK) to order, purchase and take delivery of your Volkswagen ID vehicle).  The MDP includes delivery to an authorised Volkswagen Retailer (acting as agent for Volkswagen UK), number plates, new vehicle registration fee, the first year's Vehicle Excise Duty and VAT (calculated at 20%).  You can find out more about the Volkswagen model for selling ID vehicles by clicking https://www.volkswagen.co.uk/en/legal/mdp-explained.html.

If you are selecting any other Volkswagen vehicle (excluding the Volkswagen ID.3, ID.4, ID.5 and ID.7) then prices listed are Manufacturer’s ‘On the road’ Recommended Retail Price. Actual prices are set by Volkswagen authorised retailers in their sole discretion – always obtain these prices from your chosen Volkswagen Retailer.  Recommended On-The-Road (OTR) retail prices include: delivery charge, number plates, new vehicle registration fee, the first year's Vehicle Excise Duty and VAT (calculated at 20%). 

Every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the information above. Prices are taken from the Volkswagen website - this website contains a large number of products and it is always possible that, despite our best efforts, some of the products listed may be incorrectly priced. Volkswagen may change prices at any time (this includes where there are government changes in regulation and/or legislation). There may be a delay to any price displaying correctly on our materials and it is always possible that, despite our best efforts, some vehicles may be incorrectly priced. Always check prices with your local retailer.

For fuel consumption and CO2 information for vehicles, view values in the configurator.

Please be advised we may not be able to provide valuations for vehicles which are outside certain age or mileage ranges, specialist or customised, or not registered in the UK. The actual sale price is dependent on a number of additional factors, which you can discuss further with your retailer. T&Cs will apply.